Description of Polictical Science Not Yet Complete Essay

Over the year’s political science has been defined in several ways; the study of power, the study of the monopoly of the legitimate use of force, the study of the good life, and more (p1). However, Western political science distinguishes itself in a way because it has not yet arrived at a consensus on how its subject matter should be described (p1). Western and especially American political Science has passed through four different stages during the twentieth century, and one hopes that each stage has been improved upon by each succeeding stage. The various stages that will be discussed are the formal, the traditional, the behavioral, and the post-behavioral† (p1). THE FORMAL AND TRADITIONAL STAGES In the late eighteen hundreds, Walter†¦show more content†¦Behavioralism had six major characteristics that distinguished it from earlier stages in political science. Its first characteristic is that there are discoverable uniformities in the behavior of human beings. The second is that, through empirical testing, these uniformities can be confirmed. Third, there was a desire for more thorough and accurate methods for acquiring data and for analyzing it. Fourth, the behavioral movement had a greater theoretical sophistication than it had in the past. In the past theories had been philosophical in character; whereas the Behavioral theory seeks to explain, understand, and if possible predict the political behavior of people as well as the way political institutions operate through empirical methods. Fifth, a great deal of behavioralists felt it was unnecessary to include the values of either the research worker or of society in the process of inquiry. It was viewed that ethica l evaluation and empirical explanation should be kept separate and distinct. Sixth, represented by behavioralism was an assumption that a social scientists task was to obtain fundamental understanding and explanation. It was thought that a reliable understanding of the operation of political institutions and peoples political behavior could be used to solve social problems. The behavioralist period switched the attention of scholars away from social reform and showed them the needs of scientific development to guide research. (p3-5) There were two things

The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks - 1480 Words

Rebecca Skloot’s bestseller, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, begins with a quote from World War II concentration camp survivor Elie Wiesel, â€Å"We must not see any person as an abstraction. Instead, we must see in every person a universe with its own secrets, with its own treasures, with its own source of anguish† (Wiesel qtd. in Skloot n. pag.). This quote serves as a preview of the book and its underlying moral purposes, as Henrietta Lacks and her family are continually treated as objects without rights to their privacy and without regards to their worth or feelings. The dehumanization of the Lacks family by the media and scientific community not only resulted in consequences for the family, but influenced society, as well. In a HIPAA-conscious society today, some of the most obvious and concerning examples of the objectification of Henrietta and her family are the inconceivable breaches of privacy. Deborah Lacks, Henrietta’s youngest daughter, originally chose to not request access to her mother’s medical records because â€Å"she was afraid of what she might find and how it might affect her† (Skloot 209). In 1985, however, Science 85 reporter Michael Gold published a book about Henrietta’s â€Å"Immortal Legacy† including extensive verbatim quotes from Henrietta’s medical records, including details about her previous medical history, diagnosis, pain, decline and death, and even autopsy (210). Skloot recounts Gold’s offenses, â€Å"No one in Henrietta’s family had ever seen thoseShow MoreRelatedThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1353 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless of race or color. In the book The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Henrietta, w as never given her own rights, and was used to benefit others. Scientists and researchers profited millions from the HeLa cell line, leaving Henrietta unaware of the legacy she left behind. Henrietta had tough up brining, and was a woman who was more concerned about other people than herself. The media and scientific community are responsible for treating and viewing Henrietta and her family as abstractions. The authorRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is composed of three sections: life, death, and immortality. The first section, life, focuses on Henrietta’s life; from birth to death. Her struggles with cancer, her husband and children, and her strong personality are all included in this section. The second section, death, focuses on the events that happened after Henrietta herself passed away, the official cause of death being blood poisoning from a buildup of toxins. The third and final section, immor talityRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1027 Words   |  5 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Rebecca Skloot is the author of the book on the scientist contributor, Henrietta Lacks. She first learned of the HeLa cells during her biology community college class thirty years after Henrietta’s death and became interested in the person behind the cells ever since. Skloot became determined to tell the true story of Henrietta, and did whatever she could to find information. She presented numerous years of patience interviewing the Lacks to find out all theRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks947 Words   |  4 Pages The immortal life of Henrietta Lacks â€Å"The Immortal life of Henrietta Lacks† written by Rebecca Skloot exposes the truth about a colored woman, Henrietta Lacks, who died from cancer leaving five children and a husband behind. Before her death doctors took her cells,without her or her family consent, to do there own research and experiments. They discovered that her cells were immortal, they became the first immortal cells known as the HeLa cells..After the discoverment the Lacks familyRead MoreThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks1177 Words   |  5 PagesMelissa Dattilo Mr. Schussler First-Year Foundations 5 December 2011 Henrietta Lacks Reflection Henrietta Lacks is a mother, wife, and scientific discovery. Henrietta began her life as a normal human, growing up on tobacco farms. In 1951, her life changed forever due to the fact that she acquired cancer. Henrietta had a total of six children, in which five of them were born before the discovery of her cancer. Henrietta’s cancer proved to be quite significant in the scientific field. Her cellsRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1425 Words   |  6 PagesRebecca Skloot’s book â€Å"The immortal life of Henrietta lacks† chronicles the life, death, and immortality of Henrietta lacks. Her name is Henrietta lacks but most scientists only know her as HeLa. She was a poor southern tobacco land worker who worked on the same land her enslaved ancestors did. Henrietta was a young black woman whose cervical cancer cells became one of the most important factors in bringing about the most revolutionary advancements in both medicine and science in the twenty fi rstRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is a book written by Rebecca Skloot in 2010 that tells the story of Henrietta Lacks and the immortal cell line known as HeLa found in her cervical cancer cells in 1951. Rebecca Skloot first heard about Henrietta Lacks in a college biology classroom back when she was a teenager. Henrietta Lacks was a 31 years old black tobacco farmer who died of cancer, and without her or her family’s knowledge, a sample of the HeLa cell wasRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1540 Words   |  7 PagesMidterm Paper: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks On October 4, 1951 a 31 year old woman named Henrietta Lacks passed away after months of fighting aggressive Cervical cancer. Before her death, Henrietta’s doctors had taken a small sample of the Cervical tumor that had been slowly killing her and developed what would become known as the first â€Å"immortal† cell line. Without Henrietta or her family’s knowledge, researchers named the line â€Å"HeLa† and before long were distributing the constantly replicatingRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks1042 Words   |  5 Pagessitting in a college biology class when she first heard of Henrietta Lacks and the HeLa cells. In class, Rebecca saw how the HeLa cells were able to reproduce and â€Å"they became the first immortal human cells ever grown in a laboratory† (Skloot 4). Henrietta Lack was also a black woman. Rebecca became very interested and wanted to know more, but at the end of class the professor told her that there this very little in formation on Henrietta. This spurred Rebecca’s interest even more. She began extensiveRead MoreThe Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagessociety, are the moral principles that govern our behavior, dictating what is right from wrong. The specifics of ethics changes as values in our society change and evolve. This occurs in Rebecca Skloots book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. One major reoccurring theme in the book is the lack of informed consent and autonomy. Fortunately, now there are safeguards which protect human rights in regard to health care and research. The Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and

Consumer Behavior for Marketing Strategy- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theConsumer Behavior for Marketing Strategy. Answer: Task Consumer behavior can be defined as the behavior and the attitude of the buyer at the time when they make their buying decisions. The decision is made regarding which products to select and which not to be selected. There are many factors that affect this behavior of people in the environment (Quester, Neal, Pettigrew, Grimmer, Davis Hawkins, 2007). It is the sequential process that needs to be followed by the buyer in order to make intelligent decision of buying. Understanding consumer behaviors is very much necessary for the companies. This is because the main aim of the companies or the businesses is to market their products in a way the customers want to develop the products that satisfy the needs of the customers. This can only be dining if the companies know about the behavior of the consumer towards the products. The marketers of the products are one who needs to understand this behavior. Marketers position their products in the way the customers want products to be (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2012). Thus, the marketer learns and research about the behavior of the consumers first and then positions the products in the same way to enhance the sales. There are many companies in Australia such as Woolworth and Coles which are very much customers oriented. These companies try to find out the needs of the customers and then position their products accordingly. Culture is one of the major factors that affect the consumer behavior of the people. Culture refers to the beliefs and the values that people follows and these values greatly affect the buying decision of the person. The behavior of buying is learnt at early stage by the buyers from the culture and the society they are living in. thus, it affects their buying decision for long term (Fraj Martinez, 2007). There are many companies which adopts the strategy of localization in order to market the products in the local market. This is because the people in different local market have different references and choices (Khan, 2007). For example, Coca cola is the brand that serves almost the whole world with its products. The company has the logo in which the word Coca-Cola is written with red color on white background but in China the logo has different elements. The written part is of white and the background is red. This is because it seems more attractive for Chinese customers. The reaso n being China is the country where red color is the traditional color and thus people get attracted towards the color more. Masstige is the term of market that deals with the products or brand that is not expensive but served to the masses as prestigious. The change in the choice of the consumers and the environment factors leads to rise in masstige products or brands (Schtte Ciarlante, 2016). This is because the consumer today have a lifestyle that needs to be showcased with the products and the brands they use, thus these brands needs to be prestigious as well as low priced. As far as the Australia market is concerned, it has been analyzed that the market of masstige products is becoming very popular. It has been identified that the beauty products industry is majorly affected by this trend because the women in Australia do n twats to over limit their credit cards for buying the products to enhance their beauty but also want the higher quality products in affordable prices this trend in Australia has changed the business pattern and leads to collaboration among the companies so as to cater this middle market of the country (Schiffman, O'Cass, Paladino Carlson, 2013). Target is the firm that has collaborated with the company called The Estee Lauder Companies those results in development of the Beauty Bank that is the space for three cosmetic brands that are reasonably priced. These brands are American Beauty, Good Skin and FLIRT. According to me, reference groups are those groups whose views are considered before making any of the shopping decision. Reference groups can give their opinions after experiencing the service of that predicts and may alter the buy decision of others (Dennis, Merrilees, Jayawardhena Tiu Wright, 2009). Reference can be given by any group of people such as neighbors, friends, social groups, salesmen etc. But, which group can influence the individual depends on the individual and the bond between the group and that individual (Blythe, 2008). In my case, the most trust worthy reference group is my friends. This is because they are the one who have similar choices like me and they have knowledge about the market so I trust them and consider their views before making any buying decision. Not only the people we know can affect our decision but the brand communities can also affect the buying decision. I am the members of one of the brand communities. The community name is My Starbucks Ide a. This community allows the Starbucks fans to communicate with each other. This communicate facilitates the users to provide their innovative ideas on the portal that is considered by the company to innovate their brands. References: Blythe, J. (2008).Consumer behaviour. Cengage Learning EMEA. Dennis, C., Merrilees, B., Jayawardhena, C., Tiu Wright, L. (2009). E-consumer behaviour.European Journal of Marketing,43(9/10), 1121-1139. Fraj, E., Martinez, E. (2007). Ecological consumer behaviour: an empirical analysis.International journal of consumer studies,31(1), 26-33. Khan, M. (2007).Consumer behaviour and advertising management. New Age International. Quester, P., Neal, C., Pettigrew, S., Grimmer, M. R., Davis, T., Hawkins, D. (2007).Consumer behaviour: Implications for marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Schtte, H., Ciarlante, D. (2016).Consumer behaviour in Asia. Springer. Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2012).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU.

What Is Awesome free essay sample

Wacky sack is awesome and fun. Firstly, there is a huge variety of wacky sacks to pick from when purchasing a wacky sack. For example The Aftershock is an awesome freestyle sand wacky sack with a little bit of an extra pop for the tricks. It is 2. Inches and weighs 60 G. Sand and cost $10. 00. Meanwhile, The Insanity a personal favorite, has a 62 panel count mixed with heavy metal filler. It Is 2. Inches and weighs 65 G. Teal filler. It Is great for tricks and stalls.Secondly, wacky sack is also awesome because of the amount of different games that can be played with a wacky sack. Survivor is a game played with a wacky sack. Survivor is when every three drops someone is voted out of the circle. The last two people in the circle have a hack off. Or theres the games elimination, challenge, numbers, hockey hack and etc. The final thing that makes wacky sack Wesson Is the competitions that people may enter. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Awesome or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The competitions are worldwide, anyone may participate. The most recent competition Is being held this Friday. It Is being held in Berries Lausanne, Baud, Switzerland at Less Pied a Gilles. You can learn lots playing wacky sack. Youll have so much fun with friends, family and other components. Wacky sack is awesome and I think its something everyone should try as a new experience if they dont already wacky.

t Laughed, I Would Have Cried

I was indestructible. I was ruthless. I broke out, hurling a flurry of precise, mastered and skilful kicks. Each kick grew in supremacy, as I glared at my opponent’s face: grief stricken and glazed with unmistakable distress. Each kick neared her towards tasting the bitterness of a palpable defeat. Rhapsody enticed my face as I smirked mercilessly. I emerged from under the bedclothes and encountered the mottled morning light. Today was the day my dreams would become reality. I had always harboured a competitive streak but I was not always good at actually realising it. This was to be my first Taekwondo competition and the desire to win was overwhelming. I affectionately selected my loose white uniform that hung alongside my green school dress. Each Sunday morning for the past twelve months I had religiously swapped the academic rigidity of school for the physical rigidity of Taekwondo and noticed that even now, the whiteness of my uniform was a little dulled and the threads slightly frayed, revealing the chronic blows that it had suffered. Two badges were sewn onto the front by unorthodox and jagged black threads, visibly overlapping the stark whiteness of my uniform. Each badge bore the fist of a martial artist and was intended to highlight strength, skill and indomitable spirit. However, despite the air of sophistication emitted by the badges, my clumsy Year 10 stitching defeated their purpose as being signs of professionalism. My transformation was almost complete. I picked up my belt and placed it around my waist, cautious to avoid any untidy overlapping. Tying a taut knot, the two remaining straps were left to suspend freely, yet, their presence did nothing except weigh heavily on my pride. I was a yellow belt, a mere novice, and felt demeaned by such a lowly status. Nevertheless I managed to reassure myself, this was to be the final day I would have to endure the humiliation of this sallow shade. I surveyed my ref... 't Laughed, I Would Have Cried Free Essays on If I Hadn\'t Laughed, I Would Have Cried I was indestructible. I was ruthless. I broke out, hurling a flurry of precise, mastered and skilful kicks. Each kick grew in supremacy, as I glared at my opponent’s face: grief stricken and glazed with unmistakable distress. Each kick neared her towards tasting the bitterness of a palpable defeat. Rhapsody enticed my face as I smirked mercilessly. I emerged from under the bedclothes and encountered the mottled morning light. Today was the day my dreams would become reality. I had always harboured a competitive streak but I was not always good at actually realising it. This was to be my first Taekwondo competition and the desire to win was overwhelming. I affectionately selected my loose white uniform that hung alongside my green school dress. Each Sunday morning for the past twelve months I had religiously swapped the academic rigidity of school for the physical rigidity of Taekwondo and noticed that even now, the whiteness of my uniform was a little dulled and the threads slightly frayed, revealing the chronic blows that it had suffered. Two badges were sewn onto the front by unorthodox and jagged black threads, visibly overlapping the stark whiteness of my uniform. Each badge bore the fist of a martial artist and was intended to highlight strength, skill and indomitable spirit. However, despite the air of sophistication emitted by the badges, my clumsy Year 10 stitching defeated their purpose as being signs of professionalism. My transformation was almost complete. I picked up my belt and placed it around my waist, cautious to avoid any untidy overlapping. Tying a taut knot, the two remaining straps were left to suspend freely, yet, their presence did nothing except weigh heavily on my pride. I was a yellow belt, a mere novice, and felt demeaned by such a lowly status. Nevertheless I managed to reassure myself, this was to be the final day I would have to endure the humiliation of this sallow shade. I surveyed my ref...

Mexican-American War - Aftermath

Mexican-American War - Aftermath Previous Page | Contents Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo In 1847, with the conflict still raging, Secretary of State James Buchanan suggested that President James K. Polk send an emissary to Mexico to assist in bringing the war to a close. Agreeing, Polk chose Chief Clerk of the State Department Nicholas Trist and dispatched him south to join General Winfield Scotts army near Veracruz. Initially disliked by Scott, who resented Trists presence, the emissary soon earned the generals trust and the two became close friends. With the army driving inland towards Mexico City and the enemy in retreat, Trist received orders from Washington, DC to negotiate for the acquisition of California and New Mexico to the 32nd Parallel as well as Baja California. Following Scotts capture of Mexico City in September 1847, the Mexicans appointed three commissioners, Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, to meet with Trist to discuss peace terms. Commencing talks, Trists situation was complicated in October when he was recalled by Polk who was unhappy with the representatives  inability to conclude a treaty earlier. Believing that the president did not fully understand the situation in Mexico, Trist elected to ignore the recall order and wrote a 65-page response to Polk outlining his reasons for doing so. Continuing to meet with the Mexican delegation, final terms were agreed to in early 1848. The war officially ended on February 2, 1848, with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty ceded to the United States the land that now comprises the states of California, Utah, and Nevada, as well as parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado. In exchange for this land, the United States paid Mexico $15,000,000, less than half the amount offered by Washington prior to the conflict. Mexico also forfeited all rights to Texas and the border was permanently established at the Rio Grande. Trist also agreed that the United States would assume $3.25 million in debt owed by the Mexican government to American citizens as well as would work to curtail Apache and Comanche raids into northern Mexico. In an effort to avoid later conflicts, the treaty also stipulated that future disagreements between the two countries would be settled through compulsory arbitration. Sent north, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was delivered to the US Senate for ratification.   After extensive debate and some alterations, the Senate approved it on March 10.   In the course of the debate, an attempt to insert the Wilmot Proviso, which would have banned slavery in the newly-acquired territories, failed 38-15 along sectional lines.   The treaty received ratification from the Mexican government on May 19.   With Mexican acceptance of the treaty, American troops began departing the country. The American victory confirmed most citizens’ belief in Manifest Destiny and the nation’s expansion westward. In 1854, the United States concluded the Gadsden Purchase which added territory in Arizona and New Mexico and reconciled several border issues that had arisen from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Casualties Like most wars in the 19th century, more soldiers died from disease than from wounds received in battle. In the course of the war, 1,773 Americans were killed in action as opposed to 13,271 dead from sickness. A total of 4,152 were wounded in the conflict. Mexican casualty reports are incomplete, but it estimated that approximately 25,000 were killed or wounded between 1846-1848. Legacy of the War The Mexican War in many ways may be directly connected to the Civil War. Arguments over the expansion of slavery into the newly acquired lands further heightened sectional tensions and forced new states to be added through compromise. In addition, the battlefields of Mexico served as a practical learning ground for those officers who would play prominent roles in the upcoming conflict. Leaders such as Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Braxton Bragg, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, George McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, George G. Meade, and James Longstreet all saw service with either Taylor or Scott’s armies. The experiences these leaders gained in Mexico helped to shape their decisions in the Civil War. Previous Page | Contents

Operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations management - Essay Example However, in some situations, intangible factors may lead to the specialization of the company in a certain area. Some of the companies may not be aware of the intangible specialization and are therefore faced with serious problems in their attempt to shift from a certain market segment. Intangible specialization can be simply defined as specialization of a company in a certain area due to some intangible factors mainly brought about by the routinized activities of the company in performing its different operations relating to the production of the main product the company produces. The intangible factors include routinized and path-dependent decision-making routines that help in the regulation of the process and product design and renewal of the product (Maielli, 2005, p. 250). In addition, intangible specialization is mainly concerned with the internal routines and the accumulation of intangible capital in the designing and manufacturing of certain products, making the company effic ient in the production of such products, as well as other products. Intangible specialization may restrict the company in a certain field and hinder its attempt to change the area of its operation. It reduces the output mix flexibility of the company even if the company has technical flexibility in its production technology (Maielli, 2005, p. ... The company should therefore device means of reaping maximum income from the area of specialization, as attempts to shift into other areas will be difficult in most cases. Knowledge of the intangible specialization also helps the company in formulation and application of strategies that will aid the shift to other areas in the supply chain. Intangible specialization is categorized into the evolution theory of economic change. The theory emphasizes the importance and effects of routinized and path-dependent decision-making and output-mix decision-making (Maielli, 2005, p. 250). In addition, intangible specialization usually affects the way a company reproduces the technical skills that aid in the manufacture of certain types of products (Maielli, 2007, p. 285). It usually comes up involuntarily as a response to the domestic market in the area of operation of the company. Intangible specialization may be advantageous or a limitation to the company. This is mainly dependent on the strat egies that the company formulates while factoring in the strengths and weaknesses due to its intangible specialization in a certain area of operation. One of the main benefits of intangible specialization is that it may help a company overcome different financial difficulties if efficient strategies are put in place to enable it to have output-mix optimization in the area where it has intangible specialization. 2. How did Intangible Specialization affect Fiat’s strategy and output-mix optimization in the 1970s? Fiat is an Italian company mainly involved in the manufacture of cars. The company has a strong reputation in the manufacture of city cars, though it also manufactures other types of vehicles. Intangible specialization has made the